冠状病毒感染对心血管系统的损伤及可能机制

冠状病毒(coronavirus,CoVs)感染主要累及肺部,但对心血管系统损伤作用也不容忽视。CoVs感染引起的心脏损伤并非罕见,其发生与病情的严重程度密切相关。本文首先从CoVs引起心血管损伤的证据入手,进一步探讨了CoVs对心肌的直接损伤,以及肾素血管紧张素(RAS)系统激活和细胞因子风暴与炎症反应对心血管损伤的可能作用机制。相关心血管损伤的可能机制包括,(1)病毒直接作用:CoVs在心肌细胞复制,损伤心肌;(2)RAS系统激活:感染CoVs后,心脏血管紧张素转化酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)的表达下调,激活RAS系统,使得血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)收缩血管功能增强,Ang1-7保护心脏效应减弱;(3)诱发细胞因子风暴:循环细胞因子和全身炎症反应引起心脏损伤;(4)其他:包括低氧血症和儿茶酚胺心脏毒性。本文就相关内容作一综述,为后续的详尽机制和治疗策略研究提供思路。     

基于网络药理学探讨玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学的方法，预测玫瑰花的活性成分和作用靶点，为揭示玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制提供参考依据。方法：通过中医药综合数据库（TCMID）和中药系统药理学数据库（TCMSP）检索玫瑰花的所有化学成分，并筛选玫瑰花的活性化学成分；然后通过TCMSP 数据库和BATMAN-TCM数据库，查找活性化合物的作用靶点；使用 Cytoscape3.6.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-疾病”复杂网络关系图；运用生物学信息注释数据库（DAVID）进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析研究其抗炎的作用机制。结果：共检索出121个化合物，其中7个化合物作为活性化合物；共检索出197个作用靶点；通过网络拓扑特征评价筛选出45个潜在作用靶点，利用DAVID数据库，筛选出66个生物过程和18条信号通路参与玫瑰花抗炎的作用。而与玫瑰花抗炎最为密切的信号通路包括NF-kB、TNF、MAPK等，同时其主要涉及的生物过程包括I-kappaB激酶/NF-kappaB信号通路的正调控、NF-kappaB转录因子活性的正调控、依赖TRIF的Toll样受体信号通路等。结论：本研究初步揭示了玫瑰花抗炎的潜在靶点、涉及的生物过程及信号通路，发现其具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，为进一步的实验研究奠定了基础。     

A mechanism for gratitude development in a child

Most scholars consider gratitude as a moral emotion, with only few seeing it as a character trait. As a result, no systematic mechanism has ever been attempted to develop gratitude in children. Given the social issue of widespread lack of gratitude in the one-child generations of China, this article attempts to outline a mechanism of parental moral education for gratitude development. The mechanism is underpinned by love, induction and discipline; and theoretically justified in accordance with key psychological and sociological theories, such as Piaget's theory of moral development, Kohlberg's moral stages theory, attachment theory, Hoffman's internalisation theory, Rest's social justice theory and Baumrind's parenting styles theory. The benefits and potential risks of each strategy of the mechanism are addressed.     

四妙勇安汤治疗冠心病临床和机制研究进展

近年来学术界日益关注到四妙勇安汤是治疗急性冠脉综合征的重要方剂。对其在治疗冠心病的临床研究以及作用机制等方面进行综述，发现：四妙勇安汤及其合方治疗冠心病已经有一定的循证医学证据支持。但目前高质量、得到广泛认可的临床研究仍有待继续加强。四妙勇安汤治疗冠心病的作用机制研究主要涉及调节血脂水平、保护血管、拮抗炎症反应、稳定易损斑块和抑制心肌细胞增殖等方面，但四妙勇安汤治疗冠心病的作用机制尚未完全阐释清楚，下一步需要借助组学分析等手段深入研究。     

Analgesic effects and hemodynamic mechanisms of perpendicular and transverse needling at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo explore the analgesic effects and uterine hemodynamics of perpendicular needling (PN) and transverse needling (TN) at SP 6 in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, patients with PD diagnosed with cold-dampness congealing pattern were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1 to receive PN or TN at bilateral SP 6 for 10 min. Acupuncture was performed when the menstrual pain score was over 40 mm on the first day of menstruation, as measured using the visual analog scale for pain (VAS-P). The primary outcome was average menstrual pain (VAS-P). Secondary outcomes included the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and systolic-diastolic peaks ratio (S/D) in uterine arteries as measured using color Doppler ultrasonography; anxiety as assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR).ResultsForty-eight patients completed the study. The TN group exhibited a significant reduction in VAS-P scores (–5.71 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): –8.78, –2.63, P = .001), RI values (–0.05, 95% CI: –0.09, –0.01, P = .015), and HAMA values (–2.50, 95% CI: –4.78, –0.22, P = .032) when compared with the PN group. No significant differences in PI, S/D, BP, or HR values were observed between the two groups (P > .05).ConclusionTN at SP 6 was superior to PN in alleviating menstrual pain and anxiety in patients with PD. This analgesic effect of TN may be due to its better ability to improve uterine arterial blood flow via decreases in RI values.     

艾灸治疗原发性痛经作用机制研究进展

艾灸治疗原发性痛经应用广泛,通过热效应、光效应、艾烟及药物作用4种起效机制发挥治疗作用,艾灸治疗原发性痛经的机制集中在调节内分泌激素、调节免疫功能、调节神经相关因素、改善子宫微循环等方面,艾灸治疗原发性痛经的机制研究仍存在问题和不足,应当加强艾灸起效机制研究,重视灸法光效应之中的光谱范围及波峰治疗痛经的机制探索,完善艾灸治疗原发性痛经的机制研究,为临床治疗提供实验依据和循证医学证据。     

基于氧化应激探究PCI损伤及中医药防治进展

我国心血管疾病的患病率及死亡率仍处于上升阶段,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)是目前减少冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄及闭塞和改善临床症状的最有效策略。临床上,存在很大一部分患者在大血管再通后,仍存在心痛症状。在PCI围术期常伴随着氧化应激、炎症、钙超载、内皮功能损害、血栓阻塞等不良事件,氧化应激在这个过程中扮演着重要角色。在PCI的再灌注时期,活性氧(ROS)的爆发可引发线粒体能量传递链异常和细胞离子稳态失衡,造成血管内皮细胞损伤,血管通透性增高,白蛋白漏出,白细胞和血小板黏附,血管狭窄。传统中医将PCI术后再狭窄纳入"胸痹"等范畴,气血的运行与五脏的功能密切相关,当气血运行不畅,心脏的生血、行血的功能受阻,造成气虚血瘀,从而造成机体虚损。目前,普罗布考和替格瑞洛等临床一线用药,具有一定的局限性,且忽略了"本虚邪实"的机体现状,无法协调机体气血阴阳五脏之间的关系。本研究从氧化应激在PCI损伤的现代医学分子研究出发,结合中医认识,总结中医药防治的研究进展,旨在为冠状动脉介入损伤的治疗提供候选药物及为相关实验研究提供参考。     

Long noncoding RNA ANRIL promotes the malignant progression of cholangiocarcinoma by epigenetically repressing ERRFI1 expression

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been verified to have significant regulatory functions in many types of human cancers. The lncRNA ANRIL is transcribed from the INK4b‐ARF‐INK4a gene cluster in the opposite direction. Whether ANRIL can act as an oncogenic molecule in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unknown. Our data show that ANRIL knockdown greatly inhibited CCA cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. According to the results of RNA sequencing analysis, ANRIL knockdown dramatically altered target genes associated with the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. By binding to a component of the epigenetic modification complex enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), ANRIL could maintain lysine residue 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) levels in the promoter of ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1), which is a tumor suppressor gene in CCA. In this way, ERRFI1 expression was suppressed in CCA cells. These data verified the key role of the epigenetic regulation of ANRIL in CCA oncogenesis and indicate its potential as a target for CCA intervention.     

丹参治疗微循环障碍作用机制的“成分-靶点-通路”多层次互作网络模型研究

目的基于网络药理学分析丹参治疗微循环障碍的分子生物学机制。方法借助TCMSP、PubChem Search、Genecards数据库和Swiss target prediction在线工具得到丹参的活性成分治疗微循环障碍的作用靶标,利用Cytoscape 3.3.0软件构建丹参活性成分-微循环障碍作用靶标网络,通过STRING数据库构建靶蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,通过生物学信息注释数据库(DAVID)进行基因本体(GO)生物学过程和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果从丹参中共筛选出治疗微循环障碍的65个相关活性成分,并发现微循环障碍相关的9个关键靶点。GO和KEGG通路富集分析发现,丹参治疗微循环障碍可能与氧化还原、钙离子稳态等生物过程有关,能够调节血管内皮生长因子信号通路、神经突触信号传导、催产素信号通路、醛固酮-调节钠重吸收等信号通路。结论丹参治疗微循环障碍体现了多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点,为进一步开展丹参治疗微循环障碍作用机制研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

High tibial derotation osteotomy for distal extensor mechanism alignment in patients with squinting patella due to increased external tibial torsion

BackgroundThe patellofemoral joint is often affected by torsional disorders of the lower limb, causing pain, instability and knee degeneration. The aims of this study were to determine functional outcomes of patients who underwent a high tibial derotation osteotomy (HTDO) for symptomatic squinting patella due to increased external tibial torsion. Moreover, factors associated with inferior clinical outcomes were investigated.MethodsPatients with symptomatic squinting patella, increased external tibial torsion (>30°) treated with this technique, and with 2 years of follow up were included. Fulkerson and Kujala patellofemoral joint scores were assessed. Age, body mass index, history of prior surgery, increased femoral anteversion, association of lateral retinaculum release and patellar cartilage lesions were analysed.ResultsSixty HTDOs were included in this retrospective study with an average of 66 months of follow up. The mean Kujala score improved from 47.5 preoperatively to 93 postoperatively. The mean Fulkerson score improved from 40.6 to 91.6. Kujala subscores for pain improved from 8.6 to 30.4, for instability improved from 6.4 to 17.9, and their ability to climb stairs increased from 6.9 to 17.9 (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression model identified that patient age (P < 0.005) and advanced chondral damage (P < 0.001) were the dominant factors predicting inferior clinical outcomes using Kujala’s score.ConclusionHTDO provided good results regarding the pain symptoms, instability and the ability to climb stairs. Advanced chondral damage and advanced age had negative effects on outcomes.